We have all seen the news footage about the lack of water in the Southwest, how the Colorado River is gradually diappearing along with Lake Mead. This is because that area is in the midst of an unprecented megadrought that has lasted for 1,200 years.
The mighty Colorado River, explored by John Weley Powell and written about in his thrilling report – Exploration of the Colorado River of the West and its tributaries. Explored in 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1872, under the direction of the secretary of the Smithsonian institution (1875), is the “premier” river of the American Southwest and its drainage basins encompass six states and Mexico, providing water, and hydroelectricty, to millions of people. However, the constant population growth and the concurrent demands made on this river has diminished its capacity to supply the needed water. It is this dire:
“The Colorado River’s decline has drained three-quarters of the water from the nation’s largest reservoirs, falling closer than ever to levels where hydroelectric dams can’t generate power and millions will lose access to drinking water and irrigation supplies”. (The Washington Post, August 16, 2022)
The above just reinforces the Statement of Commissioner Camille Calimlim Touton, Bureau of Reclamation before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources U.S. Senate June 14, 2022 that stated that the area has reached a tipping point and certain measures have to be enacted. Among them is the reduction in the amount of water states can take from the river by invoking a Tier 2 emergency cutting water use in Arizona by 21 percent, Nevada by 8 percent and the country of Mexico by 7 percent.
There have been other proposals offered: here is a 2011 plan to divert flood waters from the Mississippi River to the Southwest; another project would take water from the Great Lakes.
This situation is further complicated by a vast network of treaties/agreements/understandings under which the river is operated; these laws have been codified into what is labelled The Law of the River.
This just released CRS report – Management of the Colorado River: Water Allocations, Drought, and the Federal Role – is most informative as is another recent report – Responding to Drought in the Colorado River Basin: Federal and State Efforts.