Archive for Foreign Relations

“Briefing Books” on Henry Kissinger

The National Security Archive, located on the campus of George Washingon University, is at the forefront of requesting declassification of government documents. Using the Freedom of Information Act, the NSA has wrested tens of thousands of classified materials and brought them into the daylight for public access/scrutiny. With the passing of Henry Kissinger, the NSA has issued Briefing Book #848 – Henry Kissinger: The Declassified Obituary containing dozens of memos, telcons, and reports that highlight his many roles in government deliberations.

This briefing book also contains links to over thirty previously published briefing books on various aspects of his diplomatic career – all based on formerly classified documents. These works are goldmines of information and give an introduction into the behind-the-scenes- workings of government and its diplomatic officers.

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FAQ on the Israel-Hamas War

The Congressional Research Service has issued this FAQ detailing this conflict. Other recent CRS reports are: Israel and Hamas: Major Conflict After Surprise Attacks; The Palestinians: Overview, Aid, and U.S. Policy Issues; The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations; Israel: Major Issues and U.S. Relations; and Israel: Background and U.S. Relations.

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“Artemis Accords”

With so many moon landings planned for this year, now is an ideal time to read The Artemis Accords, a document for the peaceful civil exploration of space and signed by almost thirty nations. Based on the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, “The principles set out in these Accords are intended to apply to civil space activities conducted by the civil space agencies of each Signatory. These activities may take place on the Moon, Mars, comets, and asteroids, including their surfaces and subsurfaces, as well as in orbit of the
Moon or Mars, in the Lagrangian points for the Earth-Moon system, and in transit between these
celestial bodies and locations.” (4)

An informative overview and a brief bibliography can be found here.

FYI, Artemis is the sister of Apollo as the Artemis Program is related to the Apollo Program.

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Ukraine – One Year Later

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Watch Ukrainian President Zelensky Hold A News Conference with President Biden and His Address to Congress

His news conference is scheduled for 4:30 EST, while the address to Congress begins at 7:30 EST. Both of these events will be broadcast live via C-SPAN.

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Reading List on Ukraine

This document from the UK Parliament Library presents links to briefings, statements, press releases, and debates pertaining to Ukraine and its situation since 2014.

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How Does the United Kingdom’s Constitutional Monarchy Work?

With all the attention being made to the United Kingdom recently, these series of informative reports help explain the relationships among the various entities that comprise the monarchy.

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The 1985 Geneva Summit and Its Aftermath

The passing of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev brings to mind the meetings and interchanges between him and President Reagan on arms reduction. These developments can be traced in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1981–1988, Volume V, Soviet Union, March 1985–October 1986, and Foreign Relations of the United States, 1981–1988, Volume VI, Soviet Union, October 1986–January 1989.

This short history from the State Departent’s office of the Historian provides some context. The National Security Archive offers In Memoriam: Mikhail Gorbachev 1931-2022 with links to additional sources/briefing books. And the Wilson Center’s United States-Soviet Relations contains hundreds of documents, many of them translated.

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Marking Six Months of War in Ukraine

This Reuters report, accompanied by many graphics, traces the development of this “special military operation“.

Additional reportage is available at: The New York Times, Financial Times, CNBC, and The Economist.

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Resources on Genocide

The harrowing pictures and witness testimonies emanating from Ukraine have given impetus for the prosecution of Putin and his generals for crimes against humanity. Here are some pertinent sites:

War Crimes: A Primer (CRS, March 15, 2022); The Role of International Tribunals in the Response to the Invasion of Ukraine (CRS, updated March 18, 2022);

The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (United Nations, adopted December 9, 1948);

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (in force, July 1, 2002); Role of the International Criminal Court (Council on Foreign Relations, updated March 28, 2022);

Summary Executions, Other Grave Abuses by Russian Forces (Human Rights Watch, April 3, 2022);

Genocide (Cornell, Legal Information Institute);

Genocide (Encyclopedia Britannica, updated January 14, 2020); and

Legal articles on genocide (retrieved from bepress Legal Repository).

Why countries may be relunctant to prosecute for genocide is examied in this interview with Kelebogile Zvobgo, assistant professor of government at William and Mary and director of the International Justice Lab. The difficulties in bringing charges are also discussed in How do you define genocide? (BBC, April 4, 2022).

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Watch Ukrainian President Zelensky Address Congress Live

It will happen at 9am today. You can watch it here courtesy of C-SPAN.

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Research Centers on Ukraine

Here are three major centers for study on Ukraine: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies along with its Did You Know? CIUS Answers video series that concentrates on the invasion, and its journal – East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies;

Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute and its section on Russia’s War on Ukraine, and its journal – Harvard Ukrainian Studies; and

[London] Ukrainian Institute and its publication – Ukraine: 30 Years Young – an ongoing project.

All these sites also offer guidance if you wish to assist in the relief efforts.

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Photos from Ukraine

Sometimes a picture is worth a thousand words.

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Free Access to Books, Articles, and Reports on Ukraine

Project Muse has hundreds of books/articles available, including these important volumes just made available from the Central European University Press.

JSTOR Open Content provides access to thousands of book chapters, articles, and research reports.

The Directory of Open Access Books allows perusal of almost one hundred peer-reviewed monographs.

While the Directory of Open Access Journals offers thousands of writings on a vast variety of topics.

The European Parliament has issued War in the Ukraine, a guide to linked special reports from various think tanks.

The Congressional Research Service has published dozens of reports on Ukraine.

HathiTrust has over 3600 books available for perusal, some dating back to the mid-nineteenth century.

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Background Information on Ukraine

Doing Business in Ukraine (UK Institute of Export)

Foreign Trade Statistics: Ukraine (Census Bureau with tables back to 1992)

Ukraine (Council on Foreign Relations)

Ukraine (International Crisis Group)

Ukraine (International Monetary Fund)

Ukraine Country Commercial Guide (U.S. International Trade Administration)

Ukraine (World Bank)

Ukraine (U.S. Department of State, numerous links)

Harvard Ukranian Studies

BBC Country Profiles.

CIA World Factbook.

Encyclopedia of the Ukraine (an ongoing project detailing history, people, literature and culture)

State Statistics Service of Ukraine

Times Topics: Ukraine (Free access to NY Times articles and outside links.)

Ukraine Maps

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Interviews with Past American Ambassadors to Russia

With heightened tensions focusing on Putin’s advances on the Ukraine, it would do well to reflect on past exploits as revealed in these interviews contained in the Ambassadorial Series. Interviews were conducted with eleven ambassadors and are presented as videos, podcasts, and transcripts; all of these talks were brought together in a single ebook.

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Who’s Who in the People’s Republic of China

Who sits on what committees? How long are their terms? Who guides policies at the provincial levels? What agencies/institutions guide/govern life in China? How many members do select committees maintain? These and other questions can be answered in this CRS report – China’s Political System in Charts: A Snapshot Before the 20th Party Congress. There is much information packed in this relatively brief report.

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Eight Former U.S. Ambassadors to the Soviet Union and Russia Interviewed

With the Biden-Putin meeting fresh in everyone’s minds, these interviews provide context for the relationship between these two powers. Transcripts of these interviews are also available; there is also a timeline of diplomatic relations online. And for those with the stamina, you can peruse the dozens of volumes of the Foreign Relations of the United States that pertain to Russia and contain more than 15,000 entries.

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Interim National Security Strategic Guidance

While the Biden administration works on its National Security Strategy, this interim document signals the return of the United States to the world stage. The opening words convey how President Biden envisages the next years:

In my inaugural address, I committed to engage with the world once again, not to meet
yesterday’s challenges, but today’s and tomorrow’s.
Our world is at an inflection point. Global dynamics have shifted. New crises demand our
attention. And in this moment of accelerating global challenges — from the pandemic to the
climate crisis to nuclear proliferation to the fourth industrial revolution — one thing is certain:
we will only succeed in advancing American interests and upholding our universal values
by working in common cause with our closest allies and partners, and by renewing our own
enduring sources of national strength.

Read “A Foreign Policy for the American People” by Secretary of State Blinken and watch the video.

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2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

This newest iteration has just been released and you have the ability to search for a  volume back to 1999 or by a specific country. These reports can be lengthy and very detailed and address a pre-set list of conditions/topics such as labor practices, media freedom, and academic freedom.

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